Abstract Detail

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication after open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Factors such as nephrotoxins, metabolic abnormalities, ischemia and reperfusion injury, preexisting chronic diseases, inflammation, and oxidative stress collectively lead to renal dysfunction. This study aims to systematically evaluate the existing literature on nursing care strategies to prevent and manage CSA-AKI. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in various databases including PubMed, Cochrane, WoS, for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Search terms included “acute kidney injury”, “cardiac surgery”, “cardiopulmonary bypass”, “renal dysfunction” and “postoperative complications”. RESULTS Frequent assessment of changes in urine output, fluid balance, and serum creatinine by nurses is important for early diagnosis. Studies have emphasized the use of standardized criteria such as KDIGO for early diagnosis and timely intervention. Optimizing fluid management before surgery, managing concomitant conditions such as diabetes or hypertension, and maintaining euvolemia after surgery, avoiding hypotension, and monitoring for possible renal damage are necessary. It is important for nurses to emphasize patient education on the prevention of AKI and maintaining long-term renal health, especially for patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD) or other risk factors. CONCLUSION Nursing care plays a critical role in the prevention, early detection, and management of AKI after cardiac surgery. Interdisciplinary collaboration and ongoing education are necessary to equip nurses with the knowledge and skills required for AKI management. Future research should focus on improving nursing protocols and identifying new strategies to reduce the risk of AKI and ensure the highest standards of care for postoperative cardiac surgery patients.

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