Speakers - 2026

Title: Integration of multidisciplinary care in a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) - Case study

Abstract

ALS, also known as Motor Neurone Disease (MND), is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to their weakening and respiratory failure. The cause of the disease remains unclear and is often associated with a complex interaction of genetic (mutations in SOD1, C9orf72, TARDBP, FUS) and environmental (toxicants, trauma and environmental exposures) mediators. The global prevalence is estimated at 4 to 10 cases per 100,000 population. We present the case of a 66-year-old woman who complained of muscle weakness in the lower limbs and mainly the right leg and difficulty walking, with a clinical onset in September 2019. In May 2020, she was referred to the Neurology service at the University Hospital of Tirana, after a progressive deterioration of motor skills and dysarthria, for which she used a support crutch on one side. After being diagnosed with ALS, of the spinal form, at the QSUT, the patient began multidisciplinary treatment that included different areas of ALS management over the following months with psychologists, physiotherapists and nurses. He began therapy with Riluzole a month after the diagnosis, which he obtained through relatives in the USA. Then in 2021 he went for reassessment in Italy, where he underwent a series of examinations and consultations. Currently, the condition presents with pronounced aphasia and dysphagia. He is wheelchair-bound and also performs personal needs. The psychological state is aggravated as a result of the quality of life and current condition. This case highlights the devastating impact of early-onset ALS and underlines the importance of maintaining clinical change during the assessment of individuals presenting with progressive neuromuscular symptoms. The rapid progression of the disease and the associated psychosocial burden emphasize the critical role of multidisciplinary management, early palliative integration, and strong primary care involvement in optimizing patient and family support.